reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. %PDF-1.5 Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. 1. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. /Length 3884 Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. /F3 12 0 R Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. /F7 24 0 R So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. /Width 371 Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. (Tanzi, 1996). Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . /F4 15 0 R This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Resource control: 3.7 7. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. History of federal system of government in nigeria. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. welcome, and thanks for reading us. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Email Address. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Pls visit us again dear reader. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . 1. The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. endobj Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's >> I love this article,very educating and interesting Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Rt. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. 7. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ He rejects the assertion that 7 Topics . Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. /Filter /DCTDecode Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. % 2. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. /BitsPerComponent 8 Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE?

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