ohio involuntary commitment form

See Ohio Revised Code 5122.11 and 5122.111: codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.11 and codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.111. After the hospital files a continued commitment application, a full court hearing will be held. The cashier is located on the 9th floor of the William Howard Taft Law Center at 230 East 9th Street and is open for business Monday - Friday between 8:00 a.m. - 3:45 p.m. For additional information contact the cashier at 946-3604. An involuntary commitment is a legal intervention where a judge orders a person to be confined in a psychiatric hospital. The organization has the responsibilityto evaluate how they can help with your mental illness and develop a treatmentplan with you. mE"Cpxev=u1FGh}>-zXstO o Section 5122.09 | Release before hearing. Seeing a loved one struggle with the damaging influence of substance use and other mental health disorders can be frustrating and confusing. See our Drug Offense guide. The Hamilton County Developmental Disabilities Service Board (DDSB) will have two vacancies in January 2023. The process to place a person involuntarily into mental health treatment is found at 43A O.S. 0000008491 00000 n All filings must be completed within the Court by 4:00 PM. These can include both inpatient and outpatient care. 633 Umatilla Blvd (512) 598-9212. o iq V22LmmfPV0``cacifhbp8C`* E,ESfu`xeF'u&".3,p(i}x[0 .v Information about who can submit an Emergency Admission Application and the requirements for that admission can also be found in Ohio Revised Code Section 5122.10. Or, if youwant more time to prepare, you can waive (refuse) an initial hearing, and thenyou will be given a full hearing within 30 calendar days of when the affidavitwas filed or when you were first held in a facility (whichever occurs first). The court will assign your case to a mental health organization. These criteria aim to commit people who need mental health services but cannot make the choice to receive treatment independently. 0000003793 00000 n hospitalization is known as involuntary civil commitment. [emailprotected], Ohio's New Compliant DL-ID Driver License & the Probate Court, Birth Correction/Delayed Birth Registration. Medically Reviewed By Eric Patterson, LPC. 227 E. Main Street. For example, it could meanyou are required to have appointments with a mental health professional, take amedication, or receive other services that a treatment team decides can help yourmental illness. The forms are in a fillable Word format. For example, in Pennsylvania, hospital staff cannot keep people admitted under an involuntary commitment for more than120 hours. When a court orders you to be civillycommitted, you lose some freedomand privacy, so it is important foryou to know your rights. 220 0 obj <> endobj HQK0+.y+B")RaO m!n[d]{1|9s}Z2t6BIe)U$}C`u! 43 (Source: AInvoluntary Outpatient Commitment, How and Why@, adapted.) IVC Form Fact Sheet (1/11/2021) (If you are already in the hospital, the temporaryorder of detention orders you to stay there until the full hearing. And, the probate courtcannot order you to a jail or prison for not complying with your treatment. See O.R.C. 0000008328 00000 n Columbus, Ohio 43215-6311 4 0 obj 0000004379 00000 n >> 0000041741 00000 n Latest Legislation: . Megan Hull is a content specialist who edits, writes and ideates content to help people find recovery. Crisis and 5150 Process. Secondarily, the person must be unwilling to be admitted voluntarily. ps=$h%sZ#1E[@,"M*Q.s'V`q]q7"(%TrLU@;::@0\;:lA`PLIJ+A,Mx| Section 5122.05 | Involuntary admission. Most states allow some form of involuntary treatment for short periods of time under emergency conditions, but the . Although inpatient hospitalization is usually associated with commitments, most states have involuntary outpatient commitments as well. Legal Language (B)(3): Represents a substantial and immediate risk ofserious physical impairment or injury to self as manifested by evidence thatthe person is unable to provide for and is not providing for the persons basicphysical needs because of the persons mental illness and that appropriateprovision for those needs cannot be made immediately available in thecommunity.. The Florida law, enacted in the 1970s, was . Independent Expert Evaluation - An evaluation from a different mental healthexpert to see if s/he disagrees with other experts who are saying a personneeds court-ordered treatment. Three Day Letter - If you are a voluntary patient, you can submit a Three DayLetter asking your doctor to discharge you. If you, the treatment team, or another interested person believes yourneeds have changedfor better or for worse they can notify the courtand request a change. ), The county mental health board will present evidence about why they thinkyou need court-ordered treatment. 0000003721 00000 n This law allows for the individual to be involuntarily held for up to 72 hours and may be initiated by mental health professionals, doctors, law enforcement officials and judges. The Mental Health Department is responsible for processing affidavits and motions to initiate the involuntary civil commitment procedure of this Court. A mentally ill person subject to court order is someone who needs court-orderedtreatment because their mental illness is causing a risk of harm to themselves or other people. It is sometimes also called assisted outpatient treatmentor involuntary outpatient commitment. Note: court-ordered outpatient treatmentCANNOT include forced medication; however, the treatment team can tell the court if you are not taking medication that they think you should take (see Step 8). All filings are indexed, docketed, and imaged while maintaining statutory confidentiality. 0 Within 5 court days of either the affidavit being filed or when you arrivedat the health care facility (whichever happens first), the court must hold a hearing. For example, going to a doctors office or going to an appointmentwith a counselor. Order to Apprehend Non-Appearing Patient 41 (Source: Cherokee County Probate Court Judge Kip McVay.) An Equal Opportunity Employer And Provider Of Services 0000009816 00000 n The Court through this Department appoints an attorney, an independent medical expert for the respondent, and maintains a strict hearing schedule with a record of the procedings. 5122.12 (http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.12). You request to be a Voluntary patient: R.C. 0000050682 00000 n Final Order for Commitment to Outpatient Treatment. The petition shall include the following: (1) A statement by the petitioner that the . 5122.15(A)(c)(4) (codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.15). The 24-hour Crisis line can be reached at 1 . 0000002862 00000 n There is a high burden of proof needed to show someone needs involuntary treatment. *S%WY,K6-^+K&3MKX^Dn.}Fu1uD,hvpp%qmk_>nYV"-{6#{h9ET}w|vGT'HT[tpd5Tc*,V$LW(\op%c}"uV_RbpPZh;%LoC6=D&O"uZ:[~4BsTi]\di0AvzGf0N~kfElrNCPK4O~XnOWV;~=9:CYnWX0N=An8VWAxmhudB/2\ ;wFX@1ntaf{ hbbd``b`f@`@ +H2@BHGjA!30 N Outpatient treatment means you dont have to stay overnight at a hospital,but youll be required to participate in treatment. If someone is exceptionallysuicidalor homicidal, the need is clear, but if someone is using large amounts of alcohol or other drugs, there must be compelling evidence to justify hospitalization. If they do, another full hearing is held like in Steps 4 and 5 to determine if thecourt should make a new order for continued treatment. Testa, Megan, West, Sara G. Civil Commitment in the United States. Psychiatry, October 2010. Justia US Law US Codes and Statutes Indiana Code 2014 Indiana Code TITLE 12. The court may also require a certificate signed by a doctor or a statementthat the person has refused to submit to a doctors exam. Florida haspassed legislationto increase access to involuntary treatment through The Baker Act and The Marchman Act. Let's get into what you need to know. /F1 6 0 R Dangerous to others. If youhave questions or experience rightsviolations, please call Disability Rights Ohio. When the petition for involuntary treatment is filed with the Court, you will be asked to produce 2 witnesses. /Type /Page ,ZRarD*~&3Fp5>|k/I,'.,8M)'(S5V0?z_y,^$^'jz*2|UO~haZ/8I[GOnQ37Pe0"n'y 122C-283(c). It is important to remember that the policies and procedures vary at the state or county level. A petitioner must file a petition for temporary commitment of an individual with the county clerk. An Ohio.gov website belongs to an official government organization in the State of Ohio. Bench Cards & Toolkits. Effective: September 17, 2014. Anyone can file this request to the court, but the affidavit must (1) include allthe information in R.C. It should not be used in place of the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare providers. %PDF-1.4 However, before you actually become a voluntary patient, the doctorsproviding your treatment have to ACCEPT your request. The states are: Getting help for a loved one in crisis may be simple or quite complex depending on the situation and their symptoms. Fairfield County Domestic Relations Court offers to all parents in divorce, legal separation, or dissolution actions, in which there are minor children, an educational seminar sponsored by the Domestic Relations Division of the Fairfield County Common Pleas Court. 25 0 obj <> endobj }[[{B%w!{$-i=R_3H"}#CjP[ }` -wtp$2[o02{Ut0dVLis`7%j Different states vary by: Substance use disordersadd another layer into the equation. Mental Commitment Forms Form Number Form Name; PC-MI-50.1 : Special Pickup Information: . These people will not see a need for mental health services and likely refuse attempts to encourage treatment. The involuntary commitment process is set in motion by a serious mental disorder or troublesome mental health symptoms. The information does not represent binding statements of law by the Supreme Court of Ohio. Instructions for Petition for Involuntary Treatment for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse - [R.C. Any other services that a treatment team thinks can treat your mentalillness, help you live and function in the community, or help prevent yourmental illness from getting worse. 0000015946 00000 n Some courts will accept only 1 witness, but 2 is preferred. Explore Data & Stats. Below are commitment forms that were cooperatively drafted by a committee of probate judges and SCDMH and implemented in 2018. endstream endobj 221 0 obj <>/Metadata 25 0 R/Names 244 0 R/Pages 218 0 R/Perms/Filter<>/PubSec<>>>/Reference[<>/Type/SigRef>>]/SubFilter/adbe.pkcs7.detached/Type/Sig>>>>/StructTreeRoot 62 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 222 0 obj <>stream NOTE: Please check with your local court/jurisdiction about which forms they require. Certain professionals can require you to receive a short emergencyhospitalization for a mental illness. endstream endobj startxref endstream endobj 223 0 obj <>stream /F3 12 0 R (link is external) 5-72-19 (7/20/2020) First Examination for Involuntary Commitment (adding LMFTs as examiners) 5-72-19-2 (10/1/2019) 24 Hour Facility Exam for Involuntary Commitment. - A physician, an eligible psychologist, or any health professional or mental health professional who is certified under G.S. 5-410 et seq. startxref These files are also confidential by statute. 4+t?1zxn nmZn5&xUAX5N(;a,r}=YUUA?z r[ $ Section 5122.05 | Involuntary admission. 5122.111 to see what information has to be in an affidavit. Involuntary Commitment Law: A Brief History. Additionally, you have the right to file a complaint with any of the following: the Client Rights Officer for the facility. The purpose of involuntary commitment is two-fold: A person with intense mental health symptoms may not see the dangers associated with their thoughts or actions because the illness is disrupting their judgment and perception. How to Get Someone Court-Ordered Rehab Under the Marchman Act. They must be at least 18 years old and include a written statement from a doctor that they: Have examined the person within the past 30 days. Involuntary Hospitalization Forms and Procedures. %%EOF 99YXg 3aSC|R5?Ba?W6~|CpC|J.1C^aYP C+eIC 5W 1_= ^SFHB"sE}x-@JAnj@(x3W [AfTLxQUA \("Rx h Ur^PDzSt7oN7xtuwz]~9wtAy_~YgOXiqw?!WX$M4eaf!Vsf:N33Mg`m! Danger to self includes the inability, without assistance, to satisfy need for nourishment, essential medical care or shelter. In some cases, pursuing an involuntary mental health commitment or an involuntary civil commitment could be the decision that changes a loved ones life forever. In an` outpatient commitment, a judge orders the individual to attend outpatient mental health treatment to address their symptoms. A copy must be given to your attorney. However,the doctors providing your treatment have to accept your request before youactually become a voluntary patient. People who are required to attend mental health or substance use treatment have higher attendance rates and longer tenures in treatment. /Parent 2 0 R When police or other professionals take you into custody for emergencyhospitalization, they must explain who they are, that you are not beingarrested for a crime and that you are being taken to a mental health facilityto be examined. Civil Commitment - A legal process through which a probate court orders aperson to receive treatment for their mental illness. Pink Slipping - An informal term for involuntary Emergency Hospitalization (seeStep 1). 0000001196 00000 n 0000050443 00000 n The Marchman Actallows friends and family to get help for a loved one who is using substances, and the substance use will likely harm their well-being without treatment. Voluntary Patient/Voluntary Admission - A voluntary admission is when youdecide that you want to receive mental health treatment. INV 26. WHAT ELEMENTS MUST BE PRESENT IN ORDER TO COMMIT A PERSON FOR INPATIENT TREATMENT? To protect others from a person with a severe mental illness. Outpatient Treatment - Treatment that does not require an overnight stay in ahospital. The certificate of physician [] . Probate Court - A type of court that handles a few special types of legal matters,for example civil commitment, guardianships, and wills & estates. Ohio 43215-6311 Mon - Fri 8am - 5pm (614) 525-3894 [email protected] View Map. Requiresstaying overnight (or many nights) at the hospital. There is no available lessrestrictive form of intervention that is consistent with the welfare and safety of theindividual; and . The Probate Court conducts hearings to determine whether the individual is subject to court ordered treatment. Mon Fri 8am 4:30pm Conservator/Guardian; Notary. "ChpEObbG]!>E5o(fV+. Columbus, Ohio 43215-6311 A person worried about a friend or loved one should always consider commitment. 5122.21, R.C. For an involuntary civil commitment, the mentally ill person must first be found to be a danger to self or others or property. What Happens After a Clinician Petitions for Commitment; 24-Hour Facility Check List; Law Enforcement Responsibilities; Psychiatric Advance Directives and Health Care Powers of Attorney; 2018 Legislation-S.L 2018-33 (S 630) 2019 Legislation-S.L. Find Local Health Districts. 0000006066 00000 n Application for 96 Hour Detention (133 650-0148s) Application to Court for 96 Hour Detention (128 650-0178s) Verification (134-2 650-6013s) Application for 96 Hour . Court employees are prohibited by statute from practicing law and cannot give legal advice. 0000003317 00000 n Legal Language (B)(5)(a)(i): The person is unlikely to survive safely in thecommunity without supervision, based on a clinical determination.. Related Topic:Can you force someone into rehab? Ohio's Involuntary Civil Commitment Process 1 Ohio's Involuntary Civil Commitment Process Judicial Hospitalization A Comparison of the . Please click here forOutpatient Only Commitment forms. The Mental Commitments Department also processes filings under Ohio Revised Code Chapter 5123. OHIO REV. Ohio Revised Code / Title 51 Public Welfare / Chapter 5122 Hospitalization Of Mentally Ill . However, you will still have to follow the courts orders while you are waiting forthe results of the appeal. 0 (614) 525-3894 A guardian can also admit a ward to ahospital as a voluntary patient. Release of Information from Civil Commitment: Download: Individual Mental Health Forms; 23.0 - Petition for Protective Services: Download: 23.1 . Mon Fri 8am 5pm Many States Allow Involuntary Commitment[] Addiction Treatment. Partnership for Drug-Free Kids, September 14, 2016. Yet, civil commitment statutes were not intended for, and generally do not address, the needs of the medically ill patient without psychiatric illness. 5122.11 governs judicial involuntary hospitalization. %PDF-1.4 % In this absence, psychiatrists are often called upon to issue an involuntary psychiatric hold (civil commitment) to keep the patient from leaving. Disability Rights Texas at 1-800-252-9108, then press 1 for English or 2 for Spanish. %PDF-1.6 % 0000010515 00000 n the Texas Health and Human Services (HHS) Ombudsman at 877-787-8999 if you are in a state hospital. address the person's needs, is not Ohio-MHAS licensed, etc. Umatilla, FL 32784. endobj OCGA 37-3- 41. Initial Hearing and/or Full Hearing. Legal practice in the Probate Court is restricted by law to attorneys who are licensed by the Supreme Court of Ohio. The reasons for involuntary commitment have shifted over the last 50 years. /Font << 5122.02-03 (codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.02). Often, people hope to encourage a positive change, but they feel helpless. The affidavit is a form that asks a probate court to order mental health treatment for a person who meets specific legal rules for civil commitment. The courtlooks at the facts and information in the affidavit, any documents or evidencethat was submitted, and any doctors opinions. endstream endobj startxref The quickest way to find out if you were involuntarily committed would be through your medical records from the facility. Then, the judge has 10 days torule on your objections. Information in gray boxesprovides links to Ohio laws. The Recovery Village Drug and Alcohol Rehab Again, the court will review this and decidewhat to do next. You are unable to take care of your own needs. co-occurring substance use and mental health disorder. hb```U@Abl,+%:Hp38z0?}JS6JU96%|4N]).(@['qD;M A voluntary admission is when you decide that you want to receive mentalhealth treatment. Principles for Drug Addiction Treatment:[]uide (Third Edition), Many States Allow Involuntary Commitment[] Addiction Treatment, How to Get Help for a Loved One in Crisis, To protect a person with a mental illness from behaviors that could threaten their life or well-being, To protect others from a person with a severe mental illness, The person poses a serious risk to themselves, The person poses a serious risk to others, The person is too disabled to adequately care for their daily needs, Someone with severe depression and suicidal thoughts, intent or plans, A person violently aggressive due to a manic episode or psychosis, An older person with dementia who is not caring for their needs. Licensed for 27 years. A probatecourt does NOT decide criminal matters. Initial Hearing: codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.141Full Hearing: codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.15, At this point, you might be held at a health care facility, or you might still be athome. 0000015108 00000 n xb```f````c`. <<640D291859258540BB36E73A07AA543C>]>> Baker Act and Marchman Act. Accessed May 17, 2019. 5122.02.) VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY TREATMENT OF MENTALLY ILL INDIVIDUALS CHAPTER 6. The Probate Court's Bailiff will serve the alleged mentally ill person (respondent) with a summons and notice of hearing. {!j`3r1 b 0000013208 00000 n xQ 0[4N^>Hzb+g?c`+}^ MQc' 4Io,Rovl 2023 The Recovery Village Drug and Alcohol Rehab All Rights Reserved. A lock or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. All Mental Commitment documents, except Outpatient Only affidavits, must be e-filed through theFranklin County e-Filing System. This involuntary treatment period can last 60 days, though 90-day extensions are available if deemed necessary. If they decide you need treatment, they can keep you inthe hospital for 3 court days after your initial examination. Any affidavit for Outpatient Only Commitments must be accompanied by a doctor's statement verifying the allegation and facts contained in the affidavit. The Court through this Department appoints an attorney, an independent medical expert for the respondent . Add the date to the record using the Date feature. You have important rights at the hearing: See Ohio Revised Code 5122.01(B): codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.01. HdN#GbusK\`feo[3 |n~n}?>o~;p^2y~}>v}tx2Zz>OOo||_oww)? Below are commitment forms that were cooperatively drafted by a committee of probate judges and SCDMH and implemented in 2018. Since these laws vary on a state level, the criteria for filing can vary as well. However, it is usually necessary to prove that a person has inflicted harm on themselves or others to have him/her involuntarily committed to rehab. Involuntary commitment laws make it possible for families to help their loved ones who are unwilling to be treated. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. This involves the accepting of affidavits, motions, and statements of comprehensive evaluation. Lengths are predetermined by each state and set to a minimum to keep from infringing on the rights of the person being committed. Studies of people pressured into treatment show results that are similar or better than those who attend voluntarily. hbbd```b``"g feA$S4XD,"Y"u`B0;N=`&0{d_A{@Q/6;$z=W84X# / 0 n The hearing can be postponed (scheduled on a different day) if there is a goodreason. See Ohio Revised Code 5122.15: codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.15. 871 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj 224 0 obj <>stream The form may be printed and manually filled out or may be filled out electronically. Click the Sign button and create a signature. 0000001697 00000 n AND you need treatment to prevent getting worse and harming yourself orothers. Medical Examination: R.C. 5119.90-5119.98] The person who is filing the Petition, must set forth facts showing that someone is suffering from alcohol and other drug abuse and presents an imminent danger or imminent threat of danger to self, family, or others if not treated for substance abuse. A mental illness is defined in the law as a substantial disorder of thought,mood, perception, orientation, or memory that grossly impairs judgment,behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or ability to meet the ordinarydemands of life.. If your loved one lives withco-occurring substance use and mental health disorderand is willing to attend treatment to avoid commitment, considerreaching outto The Recovery Village. Woman involuntarily committed suffers mental anguish $65,000 verdict awarded April 1, 2011 . The court may also order a medical examination to help it make its decision. The probate court judge or magistrate must review the affidavit. or unless the commitment is pursuant to section 2945.38, 2945.39, 2945.40, 2945.401, . x^[_s68S1@i$Zvb$M_glo+aeUU5YgZg'Yp"BJ\yZI52b"|z_M? If you dont want to receive court-ordered treatment, you and your attorney canargue against their evidence and try to convince the court that you dont need it. endstream endobj 829 0 obj <. The involuntary commitment process is set in motion by a serious mental disorder or troublesome mental health symptoms. DMH 5-72-19 Commitment examiner. If you're asked to log in with an OHID - the state's best-of-breed digital identity - your privacy, data, and personal information are protected by all federal and state digital security guidelines. Accessed May 17, 2019. >> During this hold, a specialized team evaluates patients for safety and reviews the appropriate steps for securing stabilization. D}J!Llp"87+6ZW (R{r*;u1yLC[rw;FowP&mD Hm5QaLNgoHf3;P)fiq-:O$@!i?9t =6"" p46%8ca6@HL a$3AX*/` s+9y`rynxL!sp`#e &K0NcmFKR-Otm(UZZDouHVsT+x]E`Q{M"v.2|x8*s@IWzIXC@n$'*PJ7;P_^]Y>?wh5d5$FLU0zZdNQKDd%Ssxdf*3T`_Sqkwdzw Wc@2.{ncFsd>%Lx5VJTCFb"QJ^8VuPe,kPuh W^aIjzAL=r7 y(y3tK9M$(Fk]|Yh2C}NEkG Gmh:jfk>Vf~cW-A#Oe\_dH@)n]t Court Sends Notice: R.C. %%EOF hb```f`0b`e`` |,@Q Ws}>N R,i@Z"x9>ZT p)!e3N63Z$%?Af`L/^8+r^xr,g`:Z8&@\|e[?N f"! 2 Legal Language (B)(5)(a)(iii): The person, as a result of the persons mental illness, is unlikely to voluntarily participate in necessary treatment.. 2-5 In at least two of these states, new involuntary commitment policies specifically apply to opioid use. Its like getting a second opinion from anotherdoctor. application for involuntary custody for mental health examination [west virginia code: 27-5-2] do not use this form if the person to be examined is incarcerated in a jail, prison, or other correctional facility [use form inv 2 / form 901c] instructions to applicant: a. read thoroughly the important information to applicants attached. How Long Does Alcohol Stay In Your System? There are 37 states in the U.S. that have involuntary commitment laws for . ?~y|7a?>_y],vzyu|on5yl6iYwd3wC\\d37~37~37~37 (o[eK=+rP#'I9r!J^;2a[V~o[-~+o[V~o[-~+ow;N~;~'ww;N~;~'w{^~{=~/{^~{=~/?A;;YYP@ffA54jh,,YYP@ffAEE54ji,,?GQ?G#(?Guv%'3[fZ;Ya->}Y&b^oe7]9'KVy&?=G _8]VgOWr!1?ILOI:gb~lI$]$Ob~k$sb~'1??gY?g3,?gY?g3,_//E_/s^_;++*V(VTPXXQBbbE %PDF-1.7 % 853 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6843304508B5A64FBE9E571B4F11FB19>]/Index[828 44]/Info 827 0 R/Length 119/Prev 521572/Root 829 0 R/Size 872/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Appeals to an Ohio Court of Appeals can take monthsor over a year to get a decisionor even longer if you also appeal to the OhioSupreme Court. 5122.10 governs emergency involuntary hospitalization and O.R.C. Download the Application for Emergency Admission using the button on the right. You may or may not have received the emergency hospitalization in Step 1. From there, professionals will ask questions to determine the best course of action based on the law and the persons treatment needs. endstream endobj 166 0 obj<>stream << 5122.14 (http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/5122.14). Civil commitment requires due process under all state and federal laws, but this wasn't always the case. Currently, Vermont is the only state thatpermits this level of commitment. In State v. Bevly, 2015-Ohio -475, the Supreme Court held that a mandatory prison term based upon corroborating evidence is unconstitutional . There are very specific criteria (per codified law) that are necessary for a person to be subject to involuntary commitment in South Dakota: Individual must have a severe mental illness.

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