economic importance of coconut

This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. Scientific studies have found it effective for treating enlarged prostate and improving serum cholesterol. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosp The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. Domesticated Pacific coconuts, on the other hand, are rounded in shape with a thinner husk and a larger amount of endosperm. The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or on Pacific islands. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), extracted from fresh coconut kernel using the cold press method, that produces the finest and purest grade coconut oil with maximum retention of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and anti-oxidants, thus making it the mother of all oils. [98][99][100], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. [21][22], Whole mature coconuts (11 to 13 months from flowering) sold for export, however, typically have the husk removed to reduce weight and volume for transport. However, Cocos is not thought to be indigenous to South America, and the highest genetic diversity is present in Asian Cocos, indicating that at least the modern species Cocos nucifera is native to there. A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each fruit requires a year to fully ripen. In comparison, mature coconuts with the husk intact can be stored for three to five months at normal room temperature . Flowers are protandrous, the female flowers open, after the male flowers have withered. [134], Newly germinated coconuts contain a spherical edible mass known as the sprouted coconut or coconut sprout. [49][4] Indo-Atlantic type coconuts were also later spread by Arab and South Asian traders along the Indian Ocean basin, resulting in limited admixture with Pacific coconuts introduced earlier to Madagascar and the Comoros via the ancient Austronesian maritime trade network. The coconut water strengthens your immune system and removes bacteria that cause urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, gum diseases and viruses which are causing cold, infection diseases and typhus. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. [76], Coconut palms are normally cultivated in hot and wet tropical climates. Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. The meat may also be grated and mixed with water to make coconut milk, which is used in cooking and as a substitute for cows milk. In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. Hindus often initiate the beginning of any new activity by breaking a coconut to ensure the blessings of the gods and successful completion of the activity. [112] Proteins from coconut may cause food allergy, including anaphylaxis. Copra prices went down and plantations were neglected or under-planted with other crops. Updates? [58] Coconuts also need high humidity (at least 7080%) for optimum growth, which is why they are rarely seen in areas with low humidity. What are the benefits of coconut products? The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. (2009), assigned it to Cocos based on the size and the ridged shape of the fruit. [34][35][36][37] Coco and coconut apparently came from 1521 encounters by Portuguese and Spanish explorers with Pacific Islanders, with the coconut shell reminding them of a ghost or witch in Portuguese folklore called coco (also cca). She earned her B.A. In addition to the traditional products of copra, coconut oil and copra meal, coconut has the unique advantage of producing a wide variety of food and environment friendly non-food products which are used both domestically and for a global export market. [184], In March 1521, a description of the coconut was given by Antonio Pigafetta writing in Italian and using the words "cocho"/"cochi", as recorded in his journal after the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocean during the Magellan circumnavigation and meeting the inhabitants of what would become known as Guam and the Philippines. Though safer and faster than the climbing method, its main disadvantage is that it does not allow workers to examine and clean the crown of coconuts for pests and diseases. Wild coconuts feature an elongated triangular fruit with a thicker husk and a smaller amount of endosperm. Coconuts' versatility is sometimes noted in its naming. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. Besides, the stem is used for construction of houses and leaves are used for thatching, fencing and making baskets and broomsticks. Its BRIX level is 16 [sugars] compared to 12 in sugarcane juice. [citation needed], The two most common harvesting methods are the climbing method and the pole method. Some seasonal variation is tolerated, with good growth where mean summer temperatures are between 28 and 37C (82 and 99F), and survival as long as winter temperatures are above 412C (3954F); they will survive brief drops to 0C (32F). Indonesia overtook it in 2010. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. Samosir (eds.) [133], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. The earliest Cocos-like fossil to be found was "Cocos"zeylanica, a fossil species described from small fruits, around 3.5cm (1+12in) 1.3 to 2.5cm (12 to 1in) in size, recovered from the Miocene (~23 to 5.3 million years ago) of New Zealand in 1926. Frison, E.A. [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. Medium chain fats have also been known to help in weight loss and reduce waist circumference. "[117] In the coconut industry, coconut meat can be classified loosely into three different types depending on maturity namely "Malauhog", "Malakanin" and "Malakatad". ", "Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review", "Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (6. Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. The discovery of this behavior was observed in Bali and North Sulawesi in Indonesia between 1998 and 2008. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. Its meat is sweetened, cut into strands, and sold in glass jars as coconut strings, sometimes labeled as "coconut sport". Dried half shells are used as the bodies of musical instruments, including the Chinese yehu and banhu, along with the Vietnamese n go and Arabo-Turkic rebab. Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nation's prime foreign exchange earner. Therefore, heavy turf grass environments (beach resorts and golf courses) also pose a major threat to local coconut trees. The fats in the coconut minimize the pores that attract dirt and bacteria and prevent skin from getting damaged. The Coconut Palm Cocos Nucifera L. See also Can You Drink Malibu If You'Re Allergic To Coconut? The terms are derived from the Samoan language and was adopted into scientific usage by Harries (1978). However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months (1, 2). As part of the activities, there was a two-day conference aimed at re-educating Guyanese about the diverse benefits of the coconut fruit focusing on its economic diversification and multipurpose use, while heightening awareness and boosting the local Agro-tourism sector. Numerous other dwarf cultivars also developed as the initial dwarf cultivar was introduced to other regions and hybridized with various tall cultivars. [127][128][129] Desiccated coconut are used in confections and desserts such as macaroons. The biggest barrier to establishing an investment climate for coconut and an economic alternative to oil palm land area expansion is the critical lack of quality planting materials and coconut investment model. Spread coconut flakes thinly on a baking sheet and put them in the oven for around five or 10 minutes until they're golden brown. Each spike in the spadix bears 2 to 3 female flowers at the base and 200 to 300 male flowers at the top. Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. [158], The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club of New Orleans traditionally throws hand-decorated coconuts, one of the most valuable Mardi Gras souvenirs, to parade revelers. In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). The hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration. However, the word cocus could also mean "cook" like coquus in Latin,[42] so Linnaeus chose Cocos directly from the Portuguese word coco instead. In addition to its economic value as a source of food and materials, the coconut is also an important source of income for many small-scale farmers and communities. In particular, the area around Salalah maintains large coconut plantations similar to those found across the Arabian Sea in Kerala. Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. The biggest barrier to establishing an investment climate for coconut and an economic alternative to oil palm land area expansion is the critical lack of quality planting materials and coconut investment model. She has worked in some of the worlds most prestigious kitchens, and has published several cookbooks that have become bestsellers. "Chapter 12 Coconut". However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. [67] This figure has been questioned based on the extremely small sample size that forms the basis of the paper that makes this claim. Saturated fat is associated with hypercholesterolemia high cholesterol , atherosclerosis hardening of the arteries , and heart disease. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. The fruit, meat, water, and milk of the coconut are all widely consumed as part of the diet in many parts of the world. This article was most recently revised and updated by. Traditionally, dessert banana plants and local wild beach flora such as Scaevola taccada and Ipomoea pes-caprae were used as humidity-supplying green undergrowth for coconut trees, mixed with sea almond and sea hibiscus. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. As of 2006, the U. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. Although it shares similar characteristics to dwarf coconuts (including slow growth), it is genetically distinct and is thus believed to be independently domesticated, likely in Tonga. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). (2009). Although these numbers are modest, coconut is an important food crop in Sri Lanka in that it provides Global Coconut production yields 6 million tons in coconut oil equivalent annually and 70% is produced by Philippines, Indonesia and India, Coconut area as a % of viable arable and permanent cropland.

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